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铊
铊
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英文名称
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thallium
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CAS号
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7440-28-0
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分子量
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中文别名
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铊
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英文别名
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thallium
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属性
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熔点
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303 °C(lit.)
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沸点
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1457 °C(lit.)
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密度
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1.01 g/mL at 25 °C
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溶解度
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insoluble in H2O; reacts with acid solutions
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形态
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rod
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颜色
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Clear colorless
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比重
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11.85
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电阻率 (resistivity)
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18 μΩ-cm, 20°C
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水溶解性
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insoluble H2O; reacts with HNO3, H2SO4 [MER06]
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Merck
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13,9327
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暴露限值
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TLV-TWA 0.1 mg/m3 (thallium and its soluble
salts) (ACGIH, MSHA, and OSHA);
IDHL 10/mg/m3.
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EPA化学物质信息
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安全
危险品标志
危险品运输编号
UN 3288 6.1/PG 2
WGK Germany
3
RTECS号
XG3425000
F
危险性描述
TSCA
Yes
毒性
A naturally occurring
metal used in organic syntheses, to form alloys with other
metals, as a rodenticide and in superconductor research.
Thallium was also used historically as a depilatory. Acute toxicity from thallium includes nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, polyneuritis, coma, convulsions, and death. Chronic toxicity
includes reddening of the skin, polyneuritis, alopecia, and cataracts. Neural, hepatic, and renal damage, as well as deafness
and loss of vision, have been documented after chronic exposure. The mechanism associated with such toxic effects is
thought to involve complexing of thallium with sulfhydryl
groups in mitochondria and consequent interference with oxidative phosphorylation. The oral LD50 in rats is about 30 mg/
kg, although 8-12 mg/kg is the estimated lethal dose in
humans. Thallium is also teratogenic in rats.
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