喜树碱

淡黄色针状结晶。熔点259-263℃（分解），亦有报道为275-277℃及287-288℃。微溶于乙醇、氯仿，难溶于水。与酸不能生成稳定的盐，与氢氧化钠溶液加热反应可生成钠盐而溶于水。钠盐水溶液黄色澄明具蓝色荧光。

本品是由珙桐科旱莲属植物喜树的根、皮、果实提取制得的生物碱。也可合成生产。将喜树果粗粉用10倍量80%乙醇浸泡24小时，收集渗漉液，减压浓缩回收乙醇。浓缩液静置取清液，用氯仿提取，提取液蒸馏回收氯仿至干，再加甲醇溶液，冷却过滤，滤饼为喜树碱粗品，粗品用甲醇-氯仿混合溶剂重结晶，得喜树碱。对生药喜树果汁，总收率0.03-0.04%.

喜树碱最初是从喜树的茎材中分离出来的，表现出抗白血病/抗肿瘤活性。和DNA拓扑异构酶I复合体不可逆地结合，抑制拓扑异构酶I剪切后DNA重组，将酶和DNA以共价键形式锁住。
Camptothecin was originally isolated from the stem wood of the Camptotheca acuminata tree and was shown to exhibit antileukemic/antitumor activity, and reversibly inhibit Mitochondrial Topo I (nuclear Topo I (topoisomerase I)) by binding to and stabilizing the topoisomerase-DNA covalent complex. Advancing replication forks are believed to interact with these complexes leading to double strand breaks, which is thought to be responsible for much of the cytotoxicity; other research has shown that some of the antitumor activity could be derived from the inhibition of NOS2 (iNOS or inducible nitric oxide synthase) which generates nitric oxide, an important regulator of angiogenesis and other biochemical pathways. The discovery of camptothecin spurred the development of many derivatives with superior activity and solubility, including irinotecan (sc-202186) and topotecan (sc-204919). Although most noted for its anticancer activity, camptothecin and derivatives have shown other pertinent biochemical actions, including: antiprotozoal, antimalarial, inhibition of HIV, upregulation of p53, and induction of apoptosis. This product also exhibits intense blue fluorescence when exposed to UV light, which could be useful in optical experiments.

用于治疗胃癌、肠癌、慢性粒细胞型和急性白血病等

喜树碱会不可逆转地的结合到DNA拓扑异构酶I复合物上，影响细胞周期进程，可用作抗癌药。用于胃癌、结肠癌、直肠癌、头颈部圆柱瘤型癌和膀胱癌。

有毒物质

高毒

口服-大鼠 LD50: 153 毫克/公斤; 口服-小鼠 LD50: 50.1 毫克/公斤

皮肤-小鼠 0.3%/6周 轻度

热分解排出有毒氮氧化物烟雾; 与酸反应分解

库房低温通风干燥; 与食品原料分开存放

水, 二氧化碳, 泡沫, 干粉