CAS: 7440-28-0 | 分子式: | 分子量: | EINECS号: |
熔点
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303 °C(lit.)
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沸点
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1457 °C(lit.)
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密度
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1.01 g/mL at 25 °C
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溶解度
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insoluble in H2O; reacts with acid solutions
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形态
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rod
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颜色
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Clear colorless
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比重
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11.85
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电阻率 (resistivity)
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18 μΩ-cm, 20°C
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水溶解性
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insoluble H2O; reacts with HNO3, H2SO4 [MER06]
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Merck
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13,9327
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暴露限值
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TLV-TWA 0.1 mg/m3 (thallium and its soluble
salts) (ACGIH, MSHA, and OSHA);
IDHL 10/mg/m3.
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EPA化学物质信息
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危险品标志
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危险类别码
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安全说明
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危险品运输编号
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UN 3288 6.1/PG 2
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WGK Germany
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3
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RTECS号
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XG3425000
|
F
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危险性描述
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TSCA
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Yes
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毒害物质数据
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毒性
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A naturally occurring
metal used in organic syntheses, to form alloys with other
metals, as a rodenticide and in superconductor research.
Thallium was also used historically as a depilatory. Acute toxicity from thallium includes nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, polyneuritis, coma, convulsions, and death. Chronic toxicity
includes reddening of the skin, polyneuritis, alopecia, and cataracts. Neural, hepatic, and renal damage, as well as deafness
and loss of vision, have been documented after chronic exposure. The mechanism associated with such toxic effects is
thought to involve complexing of thallium with sulfhydryl
groups in mitochondria and consequent interference with oxidative phosphorylation. The oral LD50 in rats is about 30 mg/
kg, although 8-12 mg/kg is the estimated lethal dose in
humans. Thallium is also teratogenic in rats.
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危险性符号(GHS)
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警示词
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Danger
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防范说明
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化学性质 |
为银白色金属(四方晶系)。熔点303.5℃。沸点(1457±10)℃。相对密度d2011.85。溶于硝酸、硫酸,微溶于盐酸,不溶于水。
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生产方法 |
工业上制造铊的原料除铊矿石外,尚利用处理铝、锌、铜、锰等金属冶炼过程的副产品作为原料,经湿法冶炼制得金属铊。
湿法将有色金属冶炼过程的副产品作为原料,加入硫酸进行抽提时生成硫酸铊,再用锌粉制成海绵状铊,加入硫酸溶解海绵铊,加入碳酸钠进行反应生成碳酸铊,向其中加入硫酸所制得的溶液,再用锌处理,得到纯度为99%的铊。向99%铊中加入氰化钾,用电炉熔融处理,制得纯度大于99.9%的铊成品。 |
用途 |
供提纯、制造合金,化学试剂,仪表及半导体掺杂等工业用。
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类别 |
有毒物品
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毒性分级 |
剧毒
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急性毒性 |
口服- 人 TDL0: 5.714 毫克/ 公斤; 未名-人 LDL0: 4.412 毫克/公斤
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可燃性危险特性 |
不可燃物质
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储运特性 |
库房通风低温干燥; 与碱、酸类、食品添加剂分开存放
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职业标准 |
TLA-TWA 0.1 毫克/ 立方米
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